I've had a couple of reader requests for this now, and boy do I have two cents (at least) to put in, so thanks to everyone who asked.
Here are the main themes:
1) GET AN INTERNSHIP
2) SIGN UP FOR PUBLUNCH
3) CONSIDER ALL THE FIELDS
4) WORK IN A BOOKSTORE
If you're hoping for a job in publishing, the best thing you can do for yourself is get an internship. Most publishing companies offer internships--almost all unpaid--and they really boost your resume. You should also look into literary agencies--many a successful editorial career was born at a lit agency. And since publishing is a poor industry and every company needs free labor, you shouldn't have a problem finding an internship (at least, in New York City).
To learn about available internships, start subscribing to Publishers Lunch. This is a free daily newsletter that sends out bulletins for most available publishing jobs. You should also check mediabistro.com regularly. It's a gold mine.
Another thing that reflects really well on job candidates is experience in a bookstore, or in retail in general. This shows you have a good eye for marketing schemes and customer trends.
This all assumes that you either have a college degree or are on your way to getting one. There is some conversation about what the best degree to have is, but there really isn't any reason you need an English degree. I don't have one--I majored in history. One very good friend majored in Russian literature and film and has done wonderfully. That said, most publishing people have majored in English.
There are many, many aspects of publishing, so although people tend to think of either writing or editing, there are lots of more exciting and glamorous and well-paid jobs in other areas. Marketing and Sales notoriously pay the best, although publicists are often just as well paid. Publicists and Sales Managers get to travel the most. Foreign Rights and Subrights agents get to attend the most international conventions. Jobs in Publicity, Sales, and Marketing, in particular, translate really well to and from other industries.
My suggestion would be to keep an open mind--you can always enter one field and then segue into another. You won't be the first or the last person. Please keep in mind that all the below fields are absolutely necessary and are often overlooked.
A taster of options, with some abbreviated job descriptions:
IN A PUBLISHING HOUSE1)
Acquisitions Editor (I start here, because this is where I've been): the acquisitions editor is responsible for bringing new titles into the company. He or she is responsible for convincing the publisher to lay down the money, courting the author, and generating marketing copy for catalogs, sales sheets, book flaps, etc. The acquisition editor is, at some/most companies, also responsible for editing the book and liaising with the production department. TO WORK IN THIS FIELD: LOOK FOR ENTRY LEVEL JOBS AS AN EDITORIAL ASSISTANT.
2)
Developmental Editor: at many companies, developmental editors will work with the book as actual editors once acquisitions editors have acquired the book. The DE is responsible for content and quality. DEs also exist in many lines where there are no acquisitions--for example, at a text book company or a travel book company, there is no need for an acquisitions editor, since content is basically being commissioned, farmed, and edited constantly. Often, people who thought they wanted to be acquisitions editors will find they prefer working with the text more than with the money and the crazy people you have to deal with on the acquisition side, and will pursue developmental jobs. TO WORK IN THIS FIELD: LOOK FOR ENTRY LEVEL JOBS AS AN EDITORIAL ASSISTANT.
3)
Managing Editor (or Production Editor): at most companies (although, coincidentally, none of the companies I have worked for) the managing editor is the lynch pin for the product line or the company (if the company is small). The managing editor "manages" project flow, seasons lists, deadlines, and duedates. He or she also usually liaises with the copy editors, proofreaders, indexers, printers, designers, and other freelancers brought in at the production stage. Often, companies will either have a production department or a managing editorial department. I won't describe production here, since there is so much crossover. These individuals are extremely detail-oriented and organized. They are very special people who are secretly running the company. TO WORK IN THIS FIELD: LOOK FOR ENTRY LEVEL JOBS AS AN EDITORIAL ASSISTANT, A MANAGING EDITORIAL ASSISTANT, OR A PRODUCTION ASSISTANT.
4)
Publisher: The head honcho. The publisher manages a list of titles or a company, and is responsible for doling out advances, making sure books are shipped, etc. Most publishers are former editors, although publishers on the whole do not have time to edit. If you want to be a publisher, it is smart to pursue a career in editorial or in marketing and to try to get an advanced degree (and MBA has worked for all my previous publishers) to show your business savvy.
5)
Marketing Manager: the marketing team is responsible for consumer outreach, promotions, co-op, liaising with Sales and with booksellers, and monitoring things like jacket image and copy to make sure it best appeals to the target audience. To quote a very wise friend, marketing is where the money is. TO WORK IN THIS FIELD: START AS A MARKETING OR PUBLICITY ASSISTANT.
6)
Publicist: I think you know what a publicist does? But it's more fun in books, since you really get to hobnob with celebrities. TO WORK IN THIS FIELD: START AS A PUBLICITY ASSISTANT, OR AS A PUBLICIST IN ANOTHER INDUSTRY. ALSO, BE REALLY PERKY AND SOCIAL.
7)
Events Coordinator: again, pretty self-explanatory.
8)
Subrights Coordinator: Subrights agents sell everything from audio and large print licenses to serial excerpts in magazines to foreign language translation rights to the rights to make your book into a calendar or mug. Subrights is your best chance of getting to use a foreign language in publishing. Also, you'll get to go to lots of rights fairs.
9)
Sales Manager: Sellers are the ones who go to Barnes & Noble (as well as Urban Outfitters and tiny independents and everything in between) and beg them to stock the company's books. Sellers are the best compensated people in publishing and get to travel a lot (or have to travel a lot, depending on your perspective). Sellers are always very well dressed and usually are one of the few members of the company with an unlimited expense account. They also have very stressful jobs, since their ability to get copies of the book out is directly proportional to how many copies are printed and sold. Harry Potter with a lousy sales team would have failed. TO GET INTO SALES: YOU CAN START AS A SALES OR MARKETING ASSISTANT, OR YOU CAN EASILY COME FROM ANOTHER INDUSTRY (note--head of sales at a large publishing company just left to become CEO of Shaw's Groceries).
10)
Contracts Manager: an oft-overlooked and extremely well-paid job. Contracts managers have to be bulldogs. Sometimes they will have law degrees, and companies like to have lawyers on hand, but there is absolutely no requirement that you have one. There are only like 8 great contracts managers in all of publishing, because no one thinks to go into this field, so if you were interested in working in contracts there are probably tons of ready-made jobs.
11)
Legal Department: that's right, publishing companies need lawyers. A lot of material needs to be vetted to make sure the company won't be sued for libel.
12)
Creative/Art Specialist: this is the person who designs the cover image and front cover text layout. An art degree helps a lot here.
13)
Book designer: this is the person who lays out the interior of the book.
IN AN AGENCY
14)
Agent: agents are, in theory, the most creative people in publishing. They think of great ideas for books, troll for authors to match up with the ideas, and pitch tirelessly to editors to get them to listen. The agent also gets all the free lunches from the editors. (And they say there's no such thing as a free lunch.) TO BECOME AN AGENT: START AS AN AGENCY ASSISTANT. OR AS AN EDITOR.
FREELANCING
All the following well-compensated jobs are absolutely essential to publishing and often allow you to work at home:
15)
Copy Editor16)
Line Editor17)
Proofreader18)
Copy Writer: generates the flap and marketing copy
19) Fact-Checker
20) Indexer
21) Outside Publicist: can anyone say Heidi Krupp?
22) Book Doctor: polishes/rewrites really shitty manuscripts before they go to the editor
23) Ghost Writer: occasionally paid millions. Shocking. A lot of them are terrible schlocky writers.
All things to think about, all exciting ways to be involved in the process.
Am I forgetting anything in this disorganized treatise?